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LSTM is dead. Long Live Transformers!

Seattle Applied Deep Learning
Lectures
YouTube
4 HN users recommended this lecture4 months2020–2023 score 4.5
Years with an HN recommendation, 2007–2026

Recommended as a clear explanation of why RNNs fall short and how transformers solve it.

Leo Dirac explains how transformer models have replaced LSTMs in NLP. He gives background from bag of words through RNNs and LSTMs, then a technical deep dive into multi-headed self-attention and positional encoding, with sample code.

“has gotten tons of compliments and keeps people watching year after year” (HN, 2023)

1 strong recommendations · 3 recommendations · 1 citations · Lectures · intermediate

5 Hacker News comments

From the HN archive; up to 20 kept per video, favoring different commenters. Recommendations first.

@leopd May 2023 Strongly recommends
on HN thread Ask HN: Can someone ELI5 Transformers and the “Attention is all we need” paper
I don't think you really want a 5yo's version, because that's "computers can be smart". But for an SDE1-level explanation I made this video which has gotten tons of compliments and keeps people watching year after year: [this video] It's in the context of NLP, which is where transformers started of course.
SDE-level explanation of transformers in NLP context, well complimented.
@FL33TW00D Oct 2020 Recommends
on HN thread Rethinking Attention with Performers
Read more
I've just recently been on a journey to understand transformers in and out, here are the resources I've found managed to drill it into my head: 1. Chapters 7, 9, 10 [link] This was really useful to really build up to the concepts of attention (although the actual attention section is still brief). 2. [link] This was great for visualization and understanding that attention wasn't exclusively for transformers and actually was for RNNs first. 3. [link] Getting to understand how transformers actually work visually. 4. [this video] This lecture by Leo Dirac was extremely helpful to finish off with, not only because it actually includes some pseudocode but it also revisits some key topics and covers why transformers are needed. One of the big confusion points for me was that the concept of ATTENTION and SELF-ATTENTION are not the same thing. Hope this helps.
Lecture with pseudocode and why transformers are needed.
@peterfirefly Jan 2023 Recommends
on HN thread The Transformer Family
Yannic Kilcher is great but this video worked better for me: "LSTM is dead. Long live transformers!" (Leo Dirac): [this video]
Worked better for commenter than Yannic Kilcher's video.
@qigtyofhp Feb 2023 Recommends
on HN thread Understanding and Coding the Self-Attention Mechanism of Large Language Models
The attention mechanism started as a simple trick to not use recurrent neural networks. Read the intro in the original paper "Attention is all you need paper" ( [link] ) This video explains the drawbacks to RNNs and how transformers solve that: [this video] Andrej Karpathy explains attention here: [link] He explains how attention is seen as a communication network: [link]
Explains RNN drawbacks and how transformers solve them.

Citations, criticism and jokes

@abetusk Apr 2023 Cites it
on HN thread We aren't close to creating a rapidly self-improving AI
Read more
I'm not sure I understand it well enough to say but watching a video on it [0] I think there were a few key points: * "Attention is all you need" introduced positional encoding which allows you to keep context of the word, allowing for more complex translation (and thus generative/chatgpt like tasks?) because words now have context relative to each other. Contrast this with "bag of words" models that only tells you whether the word is present or not. * I don't quite understand why but transformers (which "AiaYN" introduced) can be made fully parallel, compared with the RNN/LSTM networks which has to be serial per token. Fully parallel allows for GPU optimization, which means you can take advantage of Moore's law for training. I'm always a bit suspicious when people claim a breakthrough of this sort. There's no doubt that better algorithms give better results but how much is due to just faster computers, cheaper compute, memory, etc. [0] [this video]
Source for commenter's understanding of attention and parallelism.

Video list and Hacker News comment labels from HackerTube (prompted by @karpathy), released under ODC-By 1.0, built on the open-index/hacker-news archive. Hacker News data is provided by Y Combinator; comments remain the work of their authors. Video titles, channel names and thumbnails belong to their creators and are shown via YouTube. HackerTube Watch is an unofficial edition. Data export of 2026-10-31.

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