10 HN users recommended this explainer11 months2022–2026score 15
Years with an HN recommendation, 2007–2026
It is the go-to recommendation for anyone who wants to genuinely understand Bezier curves and splines, and commenters repeatedly call it one of the best programming-related educational videos.
Freya Holmer's 74-minute video essay on splines, covering Bezier curves, B-splines, derivatives and the different levels of continuity (C0, C1, C2), built with custom animation tools. She notes she did not cover non-uniform splines.
“is (IMHO) one of the best educational videos on a programming topic, full stop.” (HN, 2024)
Another upvote for Freya Holmér's amazing video "The Continuity of Splines". She covers the insightful "reflection test" around the 28:05 mark: [this video] and actual "curvature combs" at 32:26. Finally, she covers the continuity of curvature combs that B-Splines exhibit around the 54:00 mark: [this video]
Timestamps on reflection test, curvature combs, B-spline continuity.
Oh lovely, can't wait to give this a watch. Freya dives deep, and gives wonderful talks. Her video "The Continuity of Splines"[0] is my favorite watch of the past year. [0] [this video]
Deep dive on splines, commenter's favorite watch of the year.
If this paper is interesting to you, you may also be interested in this amazingly well done video on the continuation of splines. It isn't exactly the same thing, and delves into some deeper concepts, but I've watched it like 3 times over the last year. [this video]
Amazingly well done, deeper dive on splines; watched repeatedly.
I didn't really understand Bézier splines until I watched this excellent video [0] from Freya Holmér. It talks about various kinds of splines, and the various equations behind them. Explains the importance of the derivatives of splines (as other comments here have pointed out). [0]: [this video]
Explains kinds of splines, equations, and importance of derivatives.
For me, it's Bézier curves --- Freya Holmér has a wonderful video on them: [this video] and I've been trying to read through _METAFONT: The Program_ and [link] and I keep wondering if I shouldn't just try scripting Inkscape.... I want to do a couple of different things, and not sure if they all fit in one project or no: - implement a single line font in my current project: [link] - implement a way to convert arbitrary curves into smooth arcs (for DXFs or G2/G3 arcs for G-code) - work up an interactive version of METAFONT/METAPOST which allows both programming and drawing
Anytime béziers are mentioned on HN, I feel compelled to share these absolutely incredible videos from Freya Holmér [this video] (73 minutes) [link] (24 minutes)
73-minute incredible video on Beziers and splines.
Also from her - The Continuity of Splines [0]. More from her site [1]. Long interactive read from Bartosz Ciechanowski [2] [0] [this video] [1] [link] [2] [link]
I recommend anyone who finds this topic interesting watch the video The Continuity of Splines . It's a detailed discussion of how you derive Bèzier and higher-order curves to serve your purposes. [this video]
Detailed derivation of Bezier and higher-order curves.
Obligatory video on splines: [this video] From what I've read, Apple rounded corners are using G^2 or G^3 geometric continuity to generate smoother curves. It's hard to tell which smoothing function this library uses since it looks like it's based on PNG masking.
Relevant primer on spline continuity for smooth corners.
A wonderful example of this is: The Continuity of Splines [this video] and The Beauty of Bézier Curves [link] by Freya Holmér [link] While not animated, I find: _Euclid's Elements_ (Joyce's Java Version) very helpful [link] Since my current project has pretty much devolved to putting a UI on various trigonometric functions and allowing the user to program them, I'd be very glad of other resources in this space (currently working through Hilbert's _Geometry and the Imagination_ and the book which matches [link] and just finished the _Make:Geometry/Trigonometry/Calculus_ series, and have had recommended Curves and Surfaces for CAGD: A Practical Guide by Gerald Farin)
Wonderful example of animated mathematical explanation.
I've been reading through a PDF on my Kindle Scribe which I downloaded from the original site --- it's a great overview, and most importantly, includes citations and references to the various papers where folks shared their research/progress. These days of course, one would just get _The Essentials of CAGD_ and similar texts, or read: [link] or watch: [this video] Highly recommended for anyone who wants an understanding of how modern CAD software came about. For my part, I have found it invaluable in working on my current project as described at: [link]
Related viewing on the mathematics behind CAD curves.
> I just need to find the perfect GUI toolkit which allows Bézier Curve representations in a way which clicks and makes sense to me, and suits my next project. Not a proper answer, but here is a very good video on splines: [this video]
Is there any general rule that systems that have 'continuity' also having sensitivity to initial conditions? I can't help but think of chaos theory[0] when Freya describes the C2 continuous spline in the section on "Cascading Loss of Control" [1], and how it "yeets off to fucking wherever" (which is a great line). [0] [link] [1] [this video]
Section on cascading loss of control in C2 splines.
Short chrome browser extension I wrote some time ago that rewrites normal urls to videos like this: [this video] into embedded video urls like this [this video] bypassing ads and running video in full browser window. Since I watch a lot of youtube I think it might have saved me 100 hours of waiting so I can press Skip Ad button. I probably should just use AdBlock but where's the fun in that.
Freya Holmer, of The Continuity of Splines [0] fame, recently gave a great conference talk about how quaternions naturally arise from the desire to define the multiplication of two vectors if you just agree to one new axiom : v^2 = ||v||^2, or "the square of a vector is equal to the square of its norm". It was fascinating and entertaining and I highly recommend anyone who finds this stuff interesting but confusing (like I do) to check it out: [link] [0] [this video]
Identifies the creator, famous for this splines video.
There is also Joyce's Java Version of Euclid's Elements: [link] and I'm still impressed by the custom Unity tools which Freya Holmér uses for her videos: [this video] Wish Geogebra was both more capable and widely used: [link] That said, these days if I need to plot out something I just use OpenSCAD: [link] (or, the Python-enabled version: [link] )
Impressive custom Unity tools used for her videos.
I've been re-learning CS (programmed as a kid, then missed getting a minor in CS in college after the service by one 300-level course which wasn't being re-offered when I needed it) and then just did (La)TeX and AppleScript for my day job, but am now trying to create a tool for CNC which is quite different from those which have existed previously, and one thing which has helped a lot is MIT OCW: - the Python courses got me up-to-speed on the basics of that language: [link] and [link] - Structure and Interpretation of Computer Programs served as a disciplined review of a book which I wasn't patient enough to do the exercises of when I first read it: [link] - Mathematics for Computer Science helped make up for my spotty math: [link] I've also found the recent book: [link] very helpful (first reading I did one chapter at a time, re-writing my current project applying the principles of that chapter) --- interesting video overview at: [link] If one is fortunate, there are videos on specific subjects/algorithms which one needs, e.g., [this video]
Example of a video on specific algorithms one might need.
For a bit more on the lerp aspect see: [this video] I am a bit bummed since from the title I was expecting a technique for 3D surfaces w/ multiple Béziers (at least 3, one for each plane) --- if someone knows of a good text on that, I'd be glad to learn of it.
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