Around The Corner - How Differential Steering Works (1937)

Here are the key takeaways for me: "Thanks to that differential between your axles, an AWD car will send your engine’s power down the path of least resistance—the wheel with the least grip. Where a two-wheel drive car can only choose between two wheels, an AWD system looks for that least resistance across all four wheels." "4WD works by locking the front and rear axles together, splitting torque 50:50 between them. This provides great traction, but a vehicle locked in 4WD cannot safely be operated on dry pavement because its front and rear axles are forced to rotate at the same speeds." I remember being scared when I bought my first 4wd vehicle, a '91 Toyota pickup. I knew I shouldn't have the wheels locked in 4wd on dry pavement, and I was worried about going from snowy roads to dry pavement. When I moved on to an Outback (AWD, not 4wd) I wondered why I didn't have to worry about transitioning between slippery roads and dry pavement. Now I understand. There's also a great video from 1937(!) that shows why we need differentials, and how they work. Here's a direct link to the video if you're going to skip the article: [this video]

I would maybe start with the individual components. How a differential works: [this video] There are a number of videos of transparent engines: [link] But if that doesn’t work, searching YouTube for “how an engine works” should give lots of content. Once you’ve figured out how the engine turns the flywheel, you can investigate how the flywheel applies different speeds to the wheels via a transmission. Manual transmissions are simpler, so I would start there: [link] then figure out how the clutch fits in. After that, you can move on to torque converters (coolest component imo, basically a fluid coupling) and automatic transmissions, which can be a mind-bender. Feel free to reach out to me at pc.peterso at Mail of g dot common TLD, happy to share what I learned and save you some time. Lastly, there is a wealth of tidbits on Engineering Explained and howacarworks.com, although the latter goes into far more detail than you probably need.