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What keeps a train on the track?

BoreMeScience
Explainers
YouTube
1 HN user recommended this explainer1 month2019–2022 score 1
Years with an HN recommendation, 2007–2026

HN links it as a great, surprising explanation whenever rail wheels, gauge or curves come up.

A short clip of Richard Feynman explaining how a train stays on its tracks, through the conical shape of wheels and how it handles curves without differentials.

“Here's a great explanation by Richard Feynman” (HN, 2020)

1 recommendations · 2 citations · Explainers

3 Hacker News comments

From the HN archive; up to 20 kept per video, favoring different commenters. Recommendations first.

@frosted-flakes Jun 2020 Recommends
on HN thread New slats make the Golden Gate Bridge sound like a David Lynch movie
Read more
> unlike the cylindrical profile which again just steers with the flange basically rubbing against the edge of the railhead. That's crazy. That means that the wheels are actually slipping when going around a corner, because the wheels are all the same diameter. Unlike conical wheels, which are essentially self-steering. Here's a great explanation by Richard Feynman: [this video] How could the BART trains possibly have cylindrical wheels? Conical wheels have been used on trains for ages, so that's seems weird. But doing some research, it seems that, yes, they were cylindrical: > Queensland Railways, for its first hundred years, used cylindrical wheels and vertical rails. With non-inclined rails and cylindrical wheels, the wheel squeal from trains taking curves on that railway was slight. After adopting coned wheels and inclined rails from the mid 1980s, the wheel squeal from trains curving at the same location and at the same speed decreased immensely. Some modern systems, such as Bay Area Rapid Transit (BART) in San Francisco, use cylindrical wheels and flat-topped rails; BART is now switching to conical tread to reduce the noise caused by flange/rail contact and loss of adhesion of one of the wheels on curves. -- [link]
Explains how conical wheels self-steer on curves.

Citations, criticism and jokes

@JackFr Jun 2019 Cites it
on HN thread The Space Shuttle and the Horse's Rear End (2000)
Snopes rates it as partly true, and the author is a pedantic killjoy. It is broadly true that for 2000 years European vehicles matched their roads and adapting existing vehicles to new technology led to using axles that were the same size. Do other gauges exist? Of course. Are the true elements of this worth repeating? Sure. As an unrelated aside here’s Richard Feynman explaining why train axles don’t need differentials. [this video]
Feynman on why train axles need no differentials.
@texaslonghorn5 Jul 2022 Cites it
on HN thread Why BART uses a nonstandard broad gauge
[this video] (video of Feynman explaining how trains stay on the track) Is this it? I found it in my YouTube history. Or this one, which superimposes free body diagram (of forces) on the wheels to show how it is self stabilizing? [link]

Video list and Hacker News comment labels from HackerTube (prompted by @karpathy), released under ODC-By 1.0, built on the open-index/hacker-news archive. Hacker News data is provided by Y Combinator; comments remain the work of their authors. Video titles, channel names and thumbnails belong to their creators and are shown via YouTube. HackerTube Watch is an unofficial edition. Data export of 2026-10-31.

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