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A Mind Is Born (256 bytes)

lftkryo
Demos
YouTube
8 HN users recommended this demo9 months2017–2025 score 11.5
Years with an HN recommendation, 2007–2026

It is HN's favorite example of extreme code compression, a compelling song and visuals from a program smaller than a tweet.

A Commodore 64 demo by Linus Akesson that fits video and music into 256 bytes, winning the Oldskool 4K Intro compo at Revision 2017. A technical write-up accompanies it.

“not only because it is 256 bytes, but because it is a compelling song too.” (HN, 2018)

5 strong recommendations · 4 recommendations · 8 citations · 1 jokes · Demos

18 Hacker News comments

From the HN archive; up to 20 kept per video, favoring different commenters. Recommendations first.

@twic Mar 2020 Strongly recommends
on HN thread A Mysterious Song on the Internet (2019)
There's an amazing demo called 'A Mind Is Born': [this video] Amazing principally because the whole thing is 256 bytes: [link] I never meet anyone who has even heard of the demoscene, let alone come seen this particular work. I was at a film festival watching a programme of short films, one of which was the well-made AI-box escape romp 'Watch Room': [link] And similarly found my interface with my seat disrupted by the closing credits using the music from 'A Mind Is Born'. This being a festival, the director was there, so i could tell him how much i appreciated the reference!
Whole demo is only 256 bytes
@TacticalCoder May 2021 Strongly recommends
on HN thread Before the iPhone, I worked on a few games for what were called "feature phones"
> fwiw, this made me spend a few minutes in youtube looking at old c64 and apple and Atari demos. what people ended up doing with those devices - years after they were mainstream - is still crazy to me. The craziest ever, to me, is the following in 256... bytes. Bytes (including the music ofc, which is the whole point). [this video]
256 bytes including music
@TacticalCoder Jun 2023 Strongly recommends
on HN thread Platform Hopping
Read more
By now when I see "linusakesson.net" I upvote without reading, then I read TFA and watch the vid (or listen to the music in this case). I'm never disappointed. Speaking of which I plan to do something really cool: I've got a "time capsule" C64 (well C128 but close enough) and it still works. It's never been "polluted" by anything modern: no "gotek" SD reader, no nothing: just a real time capsule from the early to mid eighties. And I plan to encode, manually, the 256 bytes (yes, bytes) of linusakesson's "A mind is born" C64 demo. I'll then run it (with the C128 hooked to an old CRT, of course), thinking that technically I could have encoded and ran that in the eighties. Mind blowing stuff: [this video]
256-byte C64 demo with music
@anitil Jan 2022 Recommends
on HN thread Sonic 3D: Director's Cut (2019)
I really like 'A Mind is Born' - [this video] The summary of it's development could be summarised with "It's LFSRs all the way down"
256-byte demo built on LFSRs

Citations, criticism and jokes

@yetihehe Nov 2018 Cites it
on HN thread Mathematical Simplicity May Drive Evolution's Speed
Read more
> DNA is extremely important, but it makes no sense if [it is] not in a cell, in an organism, in an ecosystem. Other interactions are at play, and this application of algorithmic information cannot capture the extent of that complexity. It reminds me of demoscene, specifically "A mind is born"[1], 256-byte demo which "looks" complicated and with rich structure, but it's just nudged/selected random data. Author said that he played around with some random generated content until he found something nice. Just by itself that 256 bytes is still not enough to replicate behaviour, it must be run on hardware, which is like "environment" for DNA. Without several supporting chips which are easy to access, that code would mean nothing and would not generate such complexity. Moreover, those "patterns" in demo are patterns only because WE interpret them as meaningful. [1] [this video]
Rich-looking structure from tiny nudged random data
@tiborsaas Jan 2021 Cites it
on HN thread Apple M1 Assembly Language Hello World
Besides understanding better what your language of choice is doing under the hood (vaguely) you can write cool demos like this: [this video]
Example of cool demos written in assembly
@verytrivial Mar 2021 Cites it
on HN thread Dialog – domain-specific language for interactive fiction
Read more
I am fascinated by these IF engines for some reason. What sets the Dialog apart is, IMHO, the performance it gets on 6502 in combination with the Å-machine VM by the same author. It's a domain specific language + optimized compiler + runtime for a platform (C64) that hasn't been made for decades. There are some excellent Z-machine impls for C64, but basically anything using the Inform7 runtime (a bunch of convenience parsing and world tricks) runs like a dog. Dialog + Å-machines gets a respectable and growing amount of the way there but cutting out the middle man. Linus has some extreme coding cred in my book! [link] [this video]
Work by Linus Akesson on C64
@yetihehe Sep 2021 Cites it
on HN thread Algorithmic symphonies from one line of code (2011)
From article: > This would make it possible, for example, for a 256-byte demoscene production to have an interesting and varying audiovisual structure with a strong, inherent synchronization between the effects and the music. 6 years later: [this video]
Realized 256-byte audiovisual demo with synced music
@yuchi Jan 2022 Cites it
on HN thread Monti on the ‘Bin – By Iftkryo
Execution of Minto’s Csárdás on a breadbin Commodore 64 by Linus Ákesson of “A Mind Is Born”[0] C64 Demo fame. [0]: [this video]
Known as the author's famous C64 demo
@pflanze Apr 2022 Cites it
on HN thread Infinite Mac: An Instant-Booting Quadra in the Browser
Read more
> and it is extremely complex and does much more Who's to say? The interesting bit in this discussion is why the code size is large, and looking in detail what the programs do would be a start. Of course, one could suppose that using a high-level language makes it easier to write code, hence, more code is going to be written. Or you or I could really conclude anything we want, if we're willing to pretend to know. It would be interesting to know, but that takes work to find out. And I'm a lazy bastard. PS. not to argue any more :), but I have checked the size of rsync 3.2.3 now, it's 51 Kloc of C code (including the 6300 loc of the included copy of zlib). You'd need to add a cryptographic library, a GUI library, and GUI code to make it a viable replacement for Dropbox, without comparing features. Git annex 8.20210223 is 70 Kloc of Haskell and 9100 loc of JavaScript, but it depends on Git to do its work, which (version 2.30.2) is 327 Kloc of C code and 225 Kloc of sh and Perl code. Thunar 4.16.8 is 73 Kloc of C code, sshfs is 4700 loc and fuse is 22 Kloc of C, openssh is 113 Kloc of C, so maybe you could build a Dropbox replacement in 212 Kloc of C without looking through the feature set. Maybe that's still 4-5 times smaller than the Dropbox client, but your number of 50 Kloc is again off by a factor of 4. :) (I guess one could say that the truth is "somewhere in the middle", looking at those number on a logarithmic scale...) I'm sure you could also come up with a much smaller
@TacticalCoder May 2022 Cites it
on HN thread An Afterlife User's Guide to the C64
During the first covid lockdown, I was by "chance" stuck in the home I grew up in. And I did found my old C128 in attic (which I was only ever using in C64 mode, except to copy disks). It's a time capsule C128 that hasn't been "polluted" by anything made in the last 33 years so (I switched to the Amiga in 1989 or so). So one day I plan to manually input the 256 bytes making this insane C64 demo (posted here on HN already), keeping my time capsule C128 intact: [this video]
Commenter plans to hand-enter the 256-byte demo on a C128
@__patchbit__ Dec 2025 Cites it
on HN thread Maximizing Compression of Apple II Hi-Res Images
The 256 bytes that encode C64's `A mind is born' demo [this video] or the `quad core' demo [link] should those techniques pack AI model simulator images for hexapod robotics down at the supervisor binary interface layer, do the demoscene folks get to work catergories in AI and Robotics for `new' competition?
Example of extreme code size compression

Video list and Hacker News comment labels from HackerTube (prompted by @karpathy), released under ODC-By 1.0, built on the open-index/hacker-news archive. Hacker News data is provided by Y Combinator; comments remain the work of their authors. Video titles, channel names and thumbnails belong to their creators and are shown via YouTube. HackerTube Watch is an unofficial edition. Data export of 2026-10-31.

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