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34C3 - The Ultimate Apollo Guidance Computer Talk

24 videos recommended on HN
YouTube
9 HN users recommended this talk7 months2018–2025 score 9.5
Years with an HN recommendation, 2007–2026

Repeatedly called the best and most comprehensive AGC talk, with commenters rewatching it and treating it as foundational computer architecture learning.

Michael Steil and Christian Hessmann's 34C3 talk explaining the Apollo Guidance Computer end to end: hardware design, operating system, and mission software.

“This is the best description of AGC I have seen so far, from hardware design to mission software, layer by layer” (HN, 2019)

6 strong recommendations · 3 recommendations · 1 citations · Talks · intermediate

10 Hacker News comments

From the HN archive; up to 20 kept per video, favoring different commenters. Recommendations first.

@emily-c Jan 2019 Strongly recommends
on HN thread Virtual Apollo Guidance Computer
This is awesome. If you haven't seen this talk about the AGC you should definitely check it out: [this video]
Talk about the Apollo Guidance Computer.
@mopsi Jul 2019 Strongly recommends
on HN thread Apollo 11 Had a Hidden Hero: Software
This is the best description of AGC I have seen so far, from hardware design to mission software, layer by layer: "The Ultimate Apollo Guidance Computer Talk" [this video]
Layer-by-layer AGC description from hardware to mission software.
@Zanneth Jul 2019 Strongly recommends
on HN thread Apollo 11 Had a Hidden Hero: Software
If anyone wants to learn more about the Apollo Guidance Computer, this talk[1] from 34C3 will teach you everything you wanted to know and more. The AGC had some really fascinating features for the time, including a cooperative multitasking system, interrupt driven IO, and even a virtual machine for doing linear algebra! [1] [this video]
Comprehensive AGC talk covering multitasking, interrupts and its virtual machine.
@shadowofneptune Aug 2022 Strongly recommends
on HN thread The Apollo On-Board Computers
The best presentation I have seen on the AGC architecture: [this video] It does present addresses in hexadecimal, oddly. The computer was 15-bit and used octal in its display panel. I suppose the presenters thought the audience would understand hex better.
Best presentation on AGC architecture.
@_jholland Jul 2024 Strongly recommends
on HN thread Virtual Apollo Guidance Computer
For a comprehensive exposition of the technical aspects of the AGC, look no further than the Ultimate Apollo Guidance Computer Talk: [this video] They not only do a brilliant job of exposing this niche system, but it is a foundational lecture for my knowledge of computer architecture in general
Brilliant comprehensive AGC exposition; foundational for computer architecture knowledge.
@msarnoff Apr 2025 Strongly recommends
on HN thread How MOS 6502 Illegal Opcodes Work (2008)
Michael’s blog is one of my favorites. His “Ultimate Guide” talks are great and I rewatch them at least once a year. Ultimate Guide to the C64: [link] Ultimate Guide to the Game Boy: [link] Ultimate Guide to the Apollo Guidance Computer: [this video]
Great Ultimate Guide talk, rewatched yearly.
@theclaw Nov 2018 Recommends
on HN thread Apollo AGC Restoration Part 1 [video]
This is amazing to see - completely unpotted AGC! I've been following Curiousmarc's channel for a while and it's great to see this. Anyone interested in AGC stuff might also want to check out this video from the 34th Chaos Communication Congress that exhaustively explains how it works: [this video]
Exhaustive explanation of how the Apollo Guidance Computer works.

Citations, criticism and jokes

@CanaryLayout Aug 2023 Cites it
on HN thread Downfall Attacks
Read more
> Aren't system designers at fault for coming up with the idea of a context switch Context switching was in the Apollo 11 guidance computer [this video] The problem is that cycle-speed boosts left the industry cic. 2012-or-so. All the perf boost we get these days is by optimizing the instruction sequencing and multiprocessing. This is why languages like Go popped up (making the advanced programming topic of multiprogramming an entry-level accomplishment) and you now see the 'async' decorator plastered everywhere in C#, and so-on. Keeping the security context intact and separated is a gargantuan task. To me it makes more sense to add "lousy cores" to the die and force the operator to declare the launching threads are safe for SMT, else the job gets scheduled to the less-performing core where the pipelining is safer. It delegates responsibility to the chip-gobbler, forces them to understand the tradeoff for performance, until some elegant solution is found for side channel attacks like this.
Cites Apollo computer as having context switching.

Video list and Hacker News comment labels from HackerTube (prompted by @karpathy), released under ODC-By 1.0, built on the open-index/hacker-news archive. Hacker News data is provided by Y Combinator; comments remain the work of their authors. Video titles, channel names and thumbnails belong to their creators and are shown via YouTube. HackerTube Watch is an unofficial edition. Data export of 2026-10-31.

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